Heptane

  Heptane or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. When used as a test fuel component in anti-knock test engines, a 100% heptane fuel is the zero point of the octane rating scale (the 100 point is 100% iso-octane). Octane number equates to the anti-knock qualities of a comparison mixture of heptane and iso-octane which is expressed as the percentage of iso-octane in heptane, and is listed on pumps for gasoline (petrol) dispensed globally.

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Heptane (and its many isomers) is widely used in laboratories as a non-polar solvent. As a liquid, it is ideal for transport and storage. In the grease spot test, heptane is used to dissolve an oil spot to show the previous presence of organic compounds on a stained paper. This is done by shaking the stained paper in a heptane solution for about half a minute.

 

Application

Heptane is used as a solvent in adhesives, aerosol cleaners and solvent extraction of vegetable oils and essential oils. Heptane is a component of gasoline

Chemical formula

C7H16
Molar mass

100.205 g·mol−1
Appearance

Colourless liquid
Odor

Petrolic
Density

0.6795 g cm−3[3]
Melting point

−90.549[3] °C (−130.988 °F; 182.601 K)
Boiling point

98.38[3] °C (209.08 °F; 371.53 K)
Solubility in water

0.0003% (20 °C)[4]
log P

4.274
Vapor pressure

5.33 kPa (at 20.0 °C)
Henry's law constant (kH)

12 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

−85.24·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)

1.3855[3]
Viscosity

0.389 mPa·s[5]
Dipole moment

0.0 D

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