Formic Acid

Formic acid (from Latin formica ‘ant’), systematically named methanoic acid, is the simplest carboxylic acid, and has the chemical formula HCOOH and structure H−C(=O)−O−H. It is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and occurs naturally, most notably in some ants. Esters, salts and the anion derived from formic acid are called formates. Industrially, formic acid is produced from methanol.

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Application

Formic acid is very frequently used in food products as a preservative or on crops as a pesticide. It is in the production of leather, textiles and leather.

Chemical formula

CH2O2
Molar mass

46.025 g·mol−1
Appearance

Colorless fuming liquid
odor

Pungent, penetrating
Density

1.220 g/mL
Melting Point

8.4 °C (47.1 °F; 281.5 K)
Boiling Point

100.8 °C (213.4 °F; 373.9 K)
Solubility in water

Miscible
Solubility

Miscible with ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, glycerol, methanol, ethanol
Partially soluble in benzene, toluene, xylenes
log P

-0.54
Vapor pressure

35 mmHg (20 °C)
Acidity (pKa)

3.745
Conjugate base

Formate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

−19.90×10−6 cm3/mol

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