Ammonium Chloride

Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH4Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Solutions of ammonium chloride are mildly acidic. In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as sal ammoniac. The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. It is mainly used as fertilizer and a flavouring agent in some types of liquorice. It is the product from the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia.

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Application

Electrolyte in dry cells; pickling agent in zinc coating and tinning; Soldering fluxes to remove oxide coatings from metals, Improving the adhesion of the solders.

Chemical formula

ClH4N
Molar mass

53.49 g·mol−1
Appearance

White solid, hygroscopic
Odor

Odorless
Density

1.519 g/cm3
Melting Point

338 °C (640 °F)
Sublimation conditions

Decomposes at 337.6 °C at 1 atm
ΔdecompHo = 176.1 kJ/mol
Solubility in water

244 g/L (−15 °C)
294 g/L (0 °C)
383.0 g/L (25 °C)
454.4 g/L (40 °C)
740.8 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp)

30.9 (395 g/L)
Solubility

Soluble in liquid ammonia, hydrazine,
Slightly soluble in acetone
Insoluble in diethyl ether, ethyl acetate
Solubility in methanol

32 g/kg (17 °C)
33.5 g/kg (19 °C)
35.4 g/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in ethanol

6 g/L (19 °C)
Solubility in glycerol

97 g/kg
Solubility in sulfur dioxide

0.09 g/kg (0 °C)
0.031 g/kg (25 °C)
Solubility in acetic acid

0.67 g/kg (16.6 °C)
Vapor pressure

133.3 Pa (160.4 °C)[7]
6.5 kPa (250 °C)
33.5 kPa (300 °C)
Acidity (pKa)

9.24
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

-36.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)

1.642 (20 °C)

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